Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences

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A study on the management of patients with retinopathy of prematurity in a tertiary care setting

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Original Article

Author Details : Santosh Kumar Sethi, Jyotsna Sharma, Mangal Charan Murmu, Abinashi Sabyasachi Sethy, Subhabrata Parida*

Volume : 14, Issue : 1, Year : 2024

Article Page : 309-316

https://10.18231/j.pjms.2024.055

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Abstract

Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disorder of the developing retinal blood vessels in the premature infant retina. ROP is a well-established disease of premature babies and has emerged as an important cause of childhood blindness. Globally, at least 50,000 children are blind as a result of ROP and an additional unknown number will be visually impaired or blind in one eye. Among the preventable causes of blindness in children, which is 57%, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) figures very high in the agenda. Since 22 percent of all blind children have retinal causes, ROP is amongst the first few in high and middle
income group countries.
Aim & Objective: To assess the management of patients with Retinopathy of prematurity in a tertiary level neonatal unit & to observe the outcome of treatment applied in the state of Odisha.
Materials and Methods: After obtaining the clearance from institutional ethical committee the study was conducted at SNCU/NICU of SVPPGIP & SCB Medical college from September 2019 to October 2021. All premature neonates of either sex less than or equal to 34 weeks of gestational age and babies with birth weight less than or equal to 2000 gram who qualify the inclusion criteria were taken into study. It was a hospital based prospective study.
Observation: In our study the incidence of ROP was 37.7%. ROP is found to be associated with the following risk factors in our study like low gestational age, low birth weight, oxygen therapy, RDS, anaemia, blood transfusion and septicemia, multiple births, hyperbilirubinemia with low birth weight and low gestational age and oxygen therapy being the most important ones. Effectiveness of intra vitreal Bevacizumab injection for treatment of ROP as successful outcome is seen in 83.9% cases with injection alone and in 100% cases when combined with follow up LASER photocoagulation.
Conclusion: Intra vitreal anti VEGF injection can be used as primary treatment for treatment warranted ROP cases though more research is needed to find out the long-term side effect profile of these drugs. Recommendation: Timely screening and prompt treatment can significantly reduce the progression of the disease decreasing the burden of childhood blindness.
Recommendation: Timely screening and prompt treatment can significantly reduce the progression of the disease decreasing the burden of childhood blindness.

Keywords: Retinopathy of Prematurity, Hyperoxia, Lasers, Vascular endothelial growth factor

How to cite : Sethi S K, Sharma J, Murmu M C , Sethy A S, Parida S, A study on the management of patients with retinopathy of prematurity in a tertiary care setting. Panacea J Med Sci 2024;14(1):309-316

Copyright © 2024 by author(s) and Panacea J Med Sci. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (creativecommons.org)